Lecture 03

 

Python Operators:

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

->Python divides the operators in the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators

• Assignment operators

• Comparison operators

• Logical operators

• Bitwise operators

1)   Arithmetic operators:

Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:

Operator	Name	Example	Try it
+	Addition	x + y	Try it »
-	Subtraction	x - y	Try it »
*	Multiplication	x * y	Try it »
/	Division	x / y
%	Modulus	x % y	Try it »
**	Exponentiation	x ** y	Try it »
//	Floor division	x // y	Try it »

---

 
Ex:1)

for addition operator;    

x = 5                       
y = 3
print(x + y)                

Output:                    

8

2)    Assignment operator:

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:

Operator	Example	Same As	Try it
=	x = 5	x = 5	Try it »
+=	x += 3	x = x + 3	Try it »
-=	x -= 3	x = x - 3	Try it »
*=	x *= 3	x = x * 3	Try it »
/=	x /= 3	x = x / 3	Try it »
%=	x %= 3	x = x % 3	Try it »
//=	x //= 3	x = x // 3	Try it »
**=	x **= 3	x = x ** 3	Try it »
&=	x &= 3	x = x & 3	Try it »
|=	x |= 3	x = x | 3	Try it »
^=	x ^= 3	x = x ^ 3

 

Ex:

X=6

X+=3

Print(x)

Output:

9

3)   Comparison operators:

Comparison operators are used to compare two values:

Operator	Name	Example	Try it
==	Equal	x == y	Try it »
!=	Not equal	x != y	Try it »
>	Greater than	x > y	Try it »
<	Less than	x < y	Try it »
>=	Greater than or equal to	x >= y	Try it »
<=	Less than or equal to	x <= y

Ex:

x = 5

y = 8

print(x == y)

Output:

False

4) Logical operators:

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:

Operator	Description	Example	Try it
and	Returns True if both statements are true	x < 5 and  x < 10	Try it »
or	Returns True if one of the statements is true	x < 5 or x < 4	Try it »
not	Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true	not(x < 5 and x < 10)	Try it »

 

Ex:

x = 5

print(x > 3 and x < 10)

Output:

True

5) Bitwise operators:

Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers:

Operator	Name	Description
&	AND	Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
|	OR	Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
^	XOR	Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
~	NOT	Inverts all the bits
<<	Zero fill left shift	Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off
>>	Signed right shift	Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off

Ex:

x = 5

print(x > 3 or x < 4)

Output:

True